What is the underworld known as according to the creation myth?
Affiliate 3: Myths of Creation
GENESIS FROM CHAOS
Hesiod in his epic poem the Theogony offers the earliest Greek version of genesis. Chaos ("yawning void") provides the beginning for cosmos. Out of Chaos the universe came into being. Later writers interpret Chaos as a mass of many elements (or merely 4: globe, air, fire, and h2o) from which the universe was created. From Hesiod's Chaos came Ge, Tartarus, Eros, Erebus, and Dark.
- GAIA [geye'a], GAEA [jee'a], or GE [gay]. Most important and first, Gaia, the earth and fertility mother, came from Anarchy. Contemporary feminist approaches to mythology lay great importance on the fact that many early on societies first conceived of deity as a woman.
- EROS [er'os] (CUPID). From Chaos came Eros, the potent concept of Love, which is primal.
- TARTARUS [tar'ta-rus], or TARTAROS. Tartarus, which came out of Chaos, was an expanse in the depths of the globe. It became a place of penalty in the Underworld; EREBUS [er'e-bus], or EREBOS, its darkness, became another name for Tartarus itself.
THE HOLY OR SACRED MARRIAGE OF EARTH AND SKY
URANUS [ou'ra-nus and yous-ray'nus], or OURANOS. Of the elements that Gaia, world, produced on her own, most significant is Uranus, the male person sky or heavens, with his lightning and thunder. The deification of the feminine, mother earth, and masculine, god of the sky, is basic to mythological and religious thinking. Their spousal relationship is designated as a HOLY, or SACRED MARRIAGE, a translation of the Greek HIEROS GAMOS [hullo'er-os ga'mos], which has get the technical term.
THE CHILDREN OF URANUS AND GAIA
The holy marriage of sky and world produced the following:
- The 3 CYCLOPES [seye-klo'peez], or KYKLOPES: each CYCLOPS [seye'klops], o KYKLOPS, significant "orb-eyed," had merely one eye in the middle of his forehead. The Cyclopes forged lightning and thunderbolts.
- The three HECATONCHIRES [hek-a-ton-keye'reez], or HEKATONCHEIRES, "hundred-handed": stiff and monstrous creatures.
- The twelve TITANS: half dozen brothers and half-dozen sisters who mate with each other.
SOME TITANS AND THEIR OFFSPRING
Deities of Waters. The Titan OCEANUS [o-run into'an-us], or OKEANOS was the stream of Ocean that encircles the disc of the world in the early concept of geography. He is the father of the many spirits of waters (rivers, springs, etc.), the OCEANIDS [o-come across'an-idz], 3 k daughters and three k sons.
Gods of the Sun. The titan HYPERION [heye-per'i-on], god of the lord's day, was father of HELIUS [hee'li-u.s.a.], or HELIOS, also a god of the sun. Later the god APOLLO [a-politico'loh] became a god of the lord's day as well. The sun-god dwells in the E, crosses the dome of the sky in his chariot drawn by a team of four horses, descends in the West into the stream of Oceanus, which encircles the world, and and so sails back to the East to begin a new twenty-four hours.
The Son of a Sunday-God. PHAËTHON [fay'e-thon], son of the sun-god, whether he be chosen Hyperion, Helius, or Apollo, wanted to be certain that the Sun was really his father and so he went to the splendid palace of the Lord's day to find out. The sun-god assured Phaëthon that he was his father, swearing a dread oath that the boy could have anything that he desired. Thus Phaëthon was granted his determined request that he be allowed to drive the sun-chariot for one twenty-four hour period. Too inexperienced to control the horses, Phaëthon created havoc, and in answer to the prayers of Earth was hurtled to his death by the lightning of the supreme god, Zeus or Jupiter. This tale illustrates the brave folly of youth, the conflict between parents and their children, and the search for identity.
Goddesses of the Moon. SELENE [se-lee'nee], goddess of the moon, is a daughter of the titan Hyperion, and she drives a two-horse chariot. Later the goddess ARTEMIS [ar'te-mis] (DIANA) becomes a moon-goddess. Selene (or Artemis) fell badly in love with the hunter ENDYMION [en-di'mi-on] and used to abandon her duties in the sky to visit the cave of her love. In the end, Endymion was granted perpetual sleep and eternal youth.
Goddess of the Dawn. EOS [ee'os] (AURORA), goddess of the dawn, was a third kid of Hyperion. She, like Selene, drives a 2-horse chariot. Eos barbarous in love with the mortal TITHONUS [ti-thoh'nus], or TITHONOS and carried him off. The supreme god Zeus granted her prayer that Tithonus be made immortal and alive forever. Poor Eos forgot to ask for eternal youth for her dearest. Tithonus grew older and older, finally beingness turned into a shriveled grasshopper, while the passion of the eternally beautiful goddess cooled to go dutiful devotion. This tragic story illustrates how our ignorant wishes may be granted to our woe and illuminates the contrast between lovely and sensuous youth and ugly and debilitating quondam age.
Eos and Tithonus had a son named Memnon, who is killed past Achilles in the Trojan saga (see M/L, Affiliate 19). The amorous Eos also carried off other lovers, including Cephalus, who became the hubby of Procris in Athenian saga (come across M/50, Affiliate 23).
CASTRATION OF URANUS AND THE Nascency OF APHRODITE
Uranus hated his children, and equally they were virtually to be born he hid them in the depths of Gaia, the mother earth. The mythic image is Hesiod'southward poetic merging of vast sky and earth imagined, at the same time, as man and woman, husband and wife. Gaia's anguished appeals for revenge were answered by the last-born, the wily Cronus. He agreed to accept the jagged-toothed sickle that his mother had fashioned and, from his ambush, he castrated his father as he was nearly to brand honey to his female parent. The severed genitals of Uranus were cast upon the sea and from them a maiden grew, APHRODITE [af-roh-deye'tee] (VENUS), the powerful goddess of beauty and dearest.
| THE TITANS CRONUS AND RHEA AND THE BIRTH OF ZEUS CRONUS [kro'nus], or KRONOS (SATURN), and RHEA [ray'a and ree'a], two important Titans, had several children who were devoured by their begetter as they were born. Cronus, who had castrated and overthrown his own father, Uranus, was agape that he too would exist overcome by one of his children. Therefore, when his son ZEUS [zous] (JUPITER) was born, the female parent, Rhea, contrived that the birth be hidden from Cronus. She bore Zeus on the island of Crete and gave her married man a stone wrapped in infant'southward dress to devour. Zeus was subconscious in a cave and grew up eventually to overthrow his unwitting father; he will ally his sis HERA [hee'ra] (JUNO) and they will get secure as male monarch and queen of the gods. | |
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